Changes between Version 5 and Version 6 of TracModWSGI
- Timestamp:
- Apr 24, 2015, 5:15:04 PM (10 years ago)
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TracModWSGI
v5 v6 1 = Trac and mod_wsgi = 2 3 4 [http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/ mod_wsgi] is an Apache module for running WSGI-compatible Python applications directly on top of the Apache webserver. The mod_wsgi adapter is written completely in C and provides very good performance. 1 = Trac and mod_wsgi 2 3 [https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/mod_wsgi mod_wsgi] is an Apache module for running WSGI-compatible Python applications directly on top of the Apache webserver. The mod_wsgi adapter is written completely in C and provides very good performance. 5 4 6 5 [[PageOutline(2-3,Overview,inline)]] … … 8 7 == The `trac.wsgi` script 9 8 10 Trac can be run on top of mod_wsgi with the help of the following application script, which is just a Python file, though usually saved with a `.wsgi` extension). 9 Trac can be run on top of mod_wsgi with the help of an application script, which is just a Python file saved with a `.wsgi` extension. 10 11 A robust and generic version of this file can be created using the `trac-admin <env> deploy <dir>` command which automatically substitutes the required paths, see TracInstall#cgi-bin. The script should be sufficient for most installations and users not wanting more information can proceed to [#Mappingrequeststothescript configuring Apache]. 12 13 If you are using Trac with multiple projects, you can specify their common parent directory using the `TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR` in trac.wsgi: 14 {{{#!python 15 def application(environ, start_request): 16 # Add this to config when you have multiple projects 17 environ.setdefault('trac.env_parent_dir', '/usr/share/trac/projects') 18 .. 19 }}} 11 20 12 21 === A very basic script … … 23 32 }}} 24 33 25 The `TRAC_ENV` variable should naturally be the directory for your Trac environment (if you have several Trac environments in a directory, you can also use `TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR` instead), while the `PYTHON_EGG_CACHE` should be a directory where Python can temporarily extract Python eggs.34 The `TRAC_ENV` variable should naturally be the directory for your Trac environment, and the `PYTHON_EGG_CACHE` should be a directory where Python can temporarily extract Python eggs. If you have several Trac environments in a directory, you can also use `TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR` instead of `TRAC_ENV`. 26 35 27 36 On Windows: … … 30 39 os.environ['PYTHON_EGG_CACHE'] = r'C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Python-Eggs' 31 40 }}} 32 - If run under a Window service, you should create a directory for Python Egg cache .41 - If run under a Window service, you should create a directory for Python Egg cache: 33 42 {{{#!python 34 43 os.environ['PYTHON_EGG_CACHE'] = r'C:\Trac-Python-Eggs' … … 37 46 === A more elaborate script 38 47 39 If you 're using multiple `.wsgi` files (for example one per Trac environment) you must ''not'' use `os.environ['TRAC_ENV']` to set the path to the Trac environment. Using this method may lead to Trac delivering the content of another Trac environment, as the variable may be filled with the path of a previously viewed Trac environment.48 If you are using multiple `.wsgi` files (for example one per Trac environment) you must ''not'' use `os.environ['TRAC_ENV']` to set the path to the Trac environment. Using this method may lead to Trac delivering the content of another Trac environment, as the variable may be filled with the path of a previously viewed Trac environment. 40 49 41 50 To solve this problem, use the following `.wsgi` file instead: … … 53 62 For clarity, you should give this file a `.wsgi` extension. You should probably put the file in its own directory, since you will expose it to Apache. 54 63 55 If you have installed Trac and eggs in a path different from the standard oneyou should add that path by adding the following code at the top of the wsgi script:64 If you have installed Trac and Python eggs in a path different from the standard one, you should add that path by adding the following code at the top of the wsgi script: 56 65 57 66 {{{#!python … … 62 71 Change it according to the path you installed the Trac libs at. 63 72 64 === Recommended `trac.wsgi` script65 66 A somewhat robust and generic version of this file can be created using the `trac-admin <env> deploy <dir>` command which automatically substitutes the required paths (see TracInstall#cgi-bin).67 68 69 73 == Mapping requests to the script 70 74 71 After you've done preparing your .wsgi script, add the following to your Apache configuration file (`httpd.conf` for example).72 73 {{{ 75 After preparing your .wsgi script, add the following to your Apache configuration file, typically `httpd.conf`: 76 77 {{{#!apache 74 78 WSGIScriptAlias /trac /usr/local/trac/mysite/apache/mysite.wsgi 75 79 … … 85 89 If you followed the directions [TracInstall#cgi-bin Generating the Trac cgi-bin directory], your Apache configuration file should look like following: 86 90 87 {{{ 91 {{{#!apache 88 92 WSGIScriptAlias /trac /usr/share/trac/cgi-bin/trac.wsgi 89 93 … … 95 99 }}} 96 100 97 In order to let Apache run the script, access to the directory in which the script resides is opened up to all of Apache. Additionally, the `WSGIApplicationGroup` directive ensures that Trac is always run in the first Python interpreter created by mod_wsgi ; this is necessary because the Subversion Python bindings, which are used by Trac, don't always work in other sub-interpreters and may cause requests to hang or cause Apache to crash as a result. After adding this configuration, restart Apache, and then it should work.101 In order to let Apache run the script, access to the directory in which the script resides is opened up to all of Apache. Additionally, the `WSGIApplicationGroup` directive ensures that Trac is always run in the first Python interpreter created by mod_wsgi. This is necessary because the Subversion Python bindings, which are used by Trac, don't always work in other sub-interpreters and may cause requests to hang or cause Apache to crash. After adding this configuration, restart Apache, and then it should work. 98 102 99 103 To test the setup of Apache, mod_wsgi and Python itself (ie. without involving Trac and dependencies), this simple wsgi application can be used to make sure that requests gets served (use as only content in your `.wsgi` script): … … 107 111 For more information about using the mod_wsgi specific directives, see the [http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/ mod_wsgi's wiki] and more specifically the [http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/IntegrationWithTrac IntegrationWithTrac] page. 108 112 109 110 113 == Configuring Authentication 111 114 112 We describe in the the following sections different methods for setting up authentication. 113 114 See also [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/howto/auth.html Authentication, Authorization and Access Control] in the Apache guide. 115 116 === Using Basic Authentication === 117 118 The simplest way to enable authentication with Apache is to create a password file. Use the `htpasswd` program to create the password file: 119 {{{ 115 The following sections describe different methods for setting up authentication. See also [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/howto/auth.html Authentication, Authorization and Access Control] in the Apache guide. 116 117 === Using Basic Authentication 118 119 The simplest way to enable authentication with Apache is to create a password file. Use the `htpasswd` program as follows: 120 {{{#!sh 120 121 $ htpasswd -c /somewhere/trac.htpasswd admin 121 122 New password: <type password> … … 124 125 }}} 125 126 126 After the first user, you don t need the "-c" option anymore:127 {{{ 127 After the first user, you don't need the "-c" option anymore: 128 {{{#!sh 128 129 $ htpasswd /somewhere/trac.htpasswd john 129 130 New password: <type password> … … 136 137 After you've created the users, you can set their permissions using TracPermissions. 137 138 138 Now, you 'llneed to enable authentication against the password file in the Apache configuration:139 {{{ 139 Now, you need to enable authentication against the password file in the Apache configuration: 140 {{{#!apache 140 141 <Location "/trac/login"> 141 142 AuthType Basic … … 146 147 }}} 147 148 148 If you 're hosting multiple projectsyou can use the same password file for all of them:149 {{{ 149 If you are hosting multiple projects, you can use the same password file for all of them: 150 {{{#!apache 150 151 <LocationMatch "/trac/[^/]+/login"> 151 152 AuthType Basic … … 158 159 See also the [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_auth_basic.html mod_auth_basic] documentation. 159 160 160 === Using Digest Authentication ===161 === Using Digest Authentication 161 162 162 163 For better security, it is recommended that you either enable SSL or at least use the “digest” authentication scheme instead of “Basic”. 163 164 164 You 'llhave to create your `.htpasswd` file with the `htdigest` command instead of `htpasswd`, as follows:165 {{{ 166 #htdigest -c /somewhere/trac.htpasswd trac admin165 You have to create your `.htpasswd` file with the `htdigest` command instead of `htpasswd`, as follows: 166 {{{#!sh 167 $ htdigest -c /somewhere/trac.htpasswd trac admin 167 168 }}} 168 169 169 170 The "trac" parameter above is the "realm", and will have to be reused in the Apache configuration in the !AuthName directive: 170 171 171 {{{ 172 {{{#!apache 172 173 <Location "/trac/login"> 173 174 AuthType Digest 175 AuthName "trac" 176 AuthDigestDomain /trac 177 AuthUserFile /somewhere/trac.htpasswd 178 Require valid-user 174 AuthType Digest 175 AuthName "trac" 176 AuthDigestDomain /trac 177 AuthUserFile /somewhere/trac.htpasswd 178 Require valid-user 179 179 </Location> 180 180 }}} … … 185 185 186 186 Don't forget to activate the mod_auth_digest. For example, on a Debian 4.0r1 (etch) system: 187 {{{ 188 LoadModule auth_digest_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_auth_digest.so 189 }}} 190 187 {{{#!apache 188 LoadModule auth_digest_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_auth_digest.so 189 }}} 191 190 192 191 See also the [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_auth_digest.html mod_auth_digest] documentation. … … 194 193 === Using LDAP Authentication 195 194 196 Configuration for [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_ldap.html mod_ldap] authentication in Apache is a bit tricky (httpd 2.2.x and OpenLDAP: slapd 2.3.19) 197 198 1. You need to load the following modules in Apache httpd.conf 199 {{{ 200 LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so 201 LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so 202 }}} 203 204 2. Your httpd.conf also needs to look something like: 205 206 {{{ 195 Configuration for [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_ldap.html mod_ldap] authentication in Apache is more involved (httpd 2.2.x and OpenLDAP: slapd 2.3.19). 196 197 1. You need to load the following modules in Apache httpd.conf: 198 {{{#!apache 199 LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so 200 LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so 201 }}} 202 1. Your httpd.conf also needs to look something like: 203 {{{#!apache 207 204 <Location /trac/> 208 205 # (if you're using it, mod_python specific settings go here) … … 218 215 </Location> 219 216 }}} 220 221 222 3. You can use the LDAP interface as a way to authenticate to a Microsoft Active Directory: 223 224 225 Use the following as your LDAP URL: 226 {{{ 227 AuthLDAPURL "ldap://directory.example.com:3268/DC=example,DC=com?sAMAccountName?sub?(objectClass=user)" 228 }}} 229 230 You will also need to provide an account for Apache to use when checking 231 credentials. As this password will be listed in plaintext in the 232 config, you should be sure to use an account specifically for this task: 233 {{{ 234 AuthLDAPBindDN ldap-auth-user@example.com 235 AuthLDAPBindPassword "password" 236 }}} 237 238 The whole section looks like: 239 {{{ 217 1. You can use the LDAP interface as a way to authenticate to a Microsoft Active Directory. Use the following as your LDAP URL: 218 {{{#!apache 219 AuthLDAPURL "ldap://directory.example.com:3268/DC=example,DC=com?sAMAccountName?sub?(objectClass=user)" 220 }}} 221 You will also need to provide an account for Apache to use when checking credentials. As this password will be listed in plaintext in the config, you need to use an account specifically for this task: 222 {{{#!apache 223 AuthLDAPBindDN ldap-auth-user@example.com 224 AuthLDAPBindPassword "password" 225 }}} 226 The whole section looks like: 227 {{{#!apache 240 228 <Location /trac/> 241 229 # (if you're using it, mod_python specific settings go here) … … 251 239 authzldapauthoritative Off 252 240 # require valid-user 253 require ldap-group CN=Trac Users,CN=Users,DC=company,DC=com 254 </Location> 255 }}} 256 257 Note 1: This is the case where the LDAP search will get around the multiple OUs, conecting to Global Catalog Server portion of AD (Notice the port is 3268, not the normal LDAP 389). The GCS is basically a "flattened" tree which allows searching for a user without knowing to which OU they belong. 258 259 Note 2: You can also require the user be a member of a certain LDAP group, instead of 260 just having a valid login: 261 {{{ 262 Require ldap-group CN=Trac Users,CN=Users,DC=example,DC=com 241 Require ldap-group CN=Trac Users,CN=Users,DC=company,DC=com 242 </Location> 243 }}} 244 245 Note 1: This is the case where the LDAP search will get around the multiple OUs, conecting to the Global Catalog Server portion of AD. Note the port is 3268, not the normal LDAP 389. The GCS is basically a "flattened" tree which allows searching for a user without knowing to which OU they belong. 246 247 Note 2: You can also require the user be a member of a certain LDAP group, instead of just having a valid login: 248 {{{#!apache 249 Require ldap-group CN=Trac Users,CN=Users,DC=example,DC=com 263 250 }}} 264 251 265 252 See also: 266 - [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html mod_authnz_ldap], documentation for mod_authnz_ldap 267 253 - [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html mod_authnz_ldap], documentation for mod_authnz_ldap. 268 254 - [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_ldap.html mod_ldap], documentation for mod_ldap, which provides connection pooling and a shared cache. 269 255 - [http://trac-hacks.org/wiki/LdapPlugin TracHacks:LdapPlugin] for storing TracPermissions in LDAP. … … 271 257 === Using SSPI Authentication 272 258 273 If you are using Apache on Windows, you can use mod_auth_sspi to provide 274 single-sign-on. Download the module from the !SourceForge [http://sourceforge.net/projects/mod-auth-sspi/ mod-auth-sspi project] and then add the 275 following to your !VirtualHost: 276 {{{ 277 <Location /trac/login> 278 AuthType SSPI 279 AuthName "Trac Login" 280 SSPIAuth On 281 SSPIAuthoritative On 282 SSPIDomain MyLocalDomain 283 SSPIOfferBasic On 284 SSPIOmitDomain Off 285 SSPIBasicPreferred On 286 Require valid-user 287 </Location> 288 }}} 289 290 Using the above, usernames in Trac will be of the form `DOMAIN\username`, so 291 you may have to re-add permissions and such. If you do not want the domain to 292 be part of the username, set `SSPIOmitDomain On` instead. 259 If you are using Apache on Windows, you can use mod_auth_sspi to provide single-sign-on. Download the module from the !SourceForge [http://sourceforge.net/projects/mod-auth-sspi/ mod-auth-sspi project] and then add the following to your !VirtualHost: 260 {{{#!apache 261 <Location /trac/login> 262 AuthType SSPI 263 AuthName "Trac Login" 264 SSPIAuth On 265 SSPIAuthoritative On 266 SSPIDomain MyLocalDomain 267 SSPIOfferBasic On 268 SSPIOmitDomain Off 269 SSPIBasicPreferred On 270 Require valid-user 271 </Location> 272 }}} 273 274 Using the above, usernames in Trac will be of the form `DOMAIN\username`, so you may have to re-add permissions and such. If you do not want the domain to be part of the username, set `SSPIOmitDomain On` instead. 293 275 294 276 Some common problems with SSPI authentication: [trac:#1055], [trac:#1168] and [trac:#3338]. … … 303 285 304 286 Here is an example (from the !HttpAuthStore link) using acct_mgr-0.4 for hosting a single project: 305 {{{ 287 {{{#!ini 306 288 [components] 307 289 ; be sure to enable the component … … 314 296 }}} 315 297 This will generally be matched with an Apache config like: 316 {{{ 298 {{{#!apache 317 299 <Location /authFile> 318 300 …HTTP authentication configuration… … … 324 306 === Example: Apache/mod_wsgi with Basic Authentication, Trac being at the root of a virtual host 325 307 326 Per the mod_wsgi documentation linked to above, here is an example Apache configuration that a) serves the Trac instance from a virtualhost subdomain and b) uses Apache basic authentication for Trac authentication. 327 308 Per the mod_wsgi documentation linked to above, here is an example Apache configuration that: 309 - serves the Trac instance from a virtualhost subdomain 310 - uses Apache basic authentication for Trac authentication. 328 311 329 312 If you want your Trac to be served from e.g. !http://trac.my-proj.my-site.org, then from the folder e.g. `/home/trac-for-my-proj`, if you used the command `trac-admin the-env initenv` to create a folder `the-env`, and you used `trac-admin the-env deploy the-deploy` to create a folder `the-deploy`, then first: 330 313 331 314 Create the htpasswd file: 332 {{{ 315 {{{#!sh 333 316 cd /home/trac-for-my-proj/the-env 334 317 htpasswd -c htpasswd firstuser … … 336 319 htpasswd htpasswd seconduser 337 320 }}} 338 (keep the file above your document root for security reasons) 339 340 Create this file e.g. (ubuntu) `/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/trac.my-proj.my-site.org.conf` with the following content s:341 342 {{{ 321 Keep the file above your document root for security reasons. 322 323 Create this file e.g. (ubuntu) `/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/trac.my-proj.my-site.org.conf` with the following content: 324 325 {{{#!apache 343 326 <Directory /home/trac-for-my-proj/the-deploy/cgi-bin/trac.wsgi> 344 327 WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL} … … 363 346 Note: for subdomains to work you would probably also need to alter `/etc/hosts` and add A-Records to your host's DNS. 364 347 365 366 348 == Troubleshooting 367 349 368 350 === Use a recent version 369 351 370 Please use either version 1.6, 2.4 or later of `mod_wsgi`. Versions prior to 2.4 in the 2.X branch have problems with some Apache configurations that use WSGI file wrapper extension. This extension is used in Trac to serve up attachments and static media files such as style sheets. If you are affected by this problem attachments will appear to be empty and formatting of HTML pages will appear not to work due to style sheet files not loading properly. Another frequent symptom is that binary attachment downloads are truncated. See mod_wsgi tickets [http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/issues/detail?id=100 #100] and [http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/issues/detail?id=132 #132].352 Please use either version 1.6, 2.4 or later of `mod_wsgi`. Versions prior to 2.4 in the 2.X branch have problems with some Apache configurations that use WSGI file wrapper extension. This extension is used in Trac to serve up attachments and static media files such as style sheets. If you are affected by this problem, attachments will appear to be empty and formatting of HTML pages will appear not to work due to style sheet files not loading properly. Another frequent symptom is that binary attachment downloads are truncated. See mod_wsgi tickets [http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/issues/detail?id=100 #100] and [http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/issues/detail?id=132 #132]. 371 353 372 354 ''Note: using mod_wsgi 2.5 and Python 2.6.1 gave an Internal Server Error on my system (Apache 2.2.11 and Trac 0.11.2.1). Upgrading to Python 2.6.2 (as suggested [http://www.mail-archive.com/modwsgi@googlegroups.com/msg01917.html here]) solved this for me[[BR]]-- Graham Shanks'' 373 355 374 If you plan to use `mod_wsgi` in embedded mode on Windows or with the MPM worker on Linux, then you'll even need version 0.3.4 or greater (see [trac:#10675] for details). 375 376 === Getting Trac to work nicely with SSPI and 'Require Group' === 377 If like me you've set Trac up on Apache, Win32 and configured SSPI, but added a 'Require group' option to your apache configuration, then the SSPIOmitDomain option is probably not working. If its not working your usernames in trac are probably looking like 'DOMAIN\user' rather than 'user'. 378 379 This WSGI script 'fixes' things, hope it helps: 356 If you plan to use `mod_wsgi` in embedded mode on Windows or with the MPM worker on Linux, then you will need version 0.3.4 or greater. See [trac:#10675] for details. 357 358 === Getting Trac to work nicely with SSPI and 'Require Group' 359 360 If you have set Trac up on Apache, Win32 and configured SSPI, but added a 'Require group' option to your apache configuration, then the SSPIOmitDomain option is probably not working. If it is not working, your usernames in Trac probably look like 'DOMAIN\user' rather than 'user'. 361 362 This WSGI script 'fixes' that: 380 363 {{{#!python 381 364 import os … … 391 374 }}} 392 375 393 394 === Trac with PostgreSQL === 395 396 When using the mod_wsgi adapter with multiple Trac instances and PostgreSQL (or MySQL?) as a database back-end, the server ''may'' create a lot of open database connections and thus PostgreSQL processes. 397 398 A somewhat brutal workaround is to disabled connection pooling in Trac. This is done by setting `poolable = False` in `trac.db.postgres_backend` on the `PostgreSQLConnection` class. 399 400 But it's not necessary to edit the source of Trac, the following lines in `trac.wsgi` will also work: 376 === Trac with PostgreSQL 377 378 When using the mod_wsgi adapter with multiple Trac instances and PostgreSQL (or MySQL?) as the database, the server ''may'' create a lot of open database connections and thus PostgreSQL processes. 379 380 A somewhat brutal workaround is to disable connection pooling in Trac. This is done by setting `poolable = False` in `trac.db.postgres_backend` on the `PostgreSQLConnection` class. 381 382 But it is not necessary to edit the source of Trac. The following lines in `trac.wsgi` will also work: 401 383 402 384 {{{#!python … … 412 394 }}} 413 395 414 Now Trac drops the connection after serving a page and the connection count on the database will be kept minimal.396 Now Trac drops the connection after serving a page and the connection count on the database will be kept low. 415 397 416 398 //This is not a recommended approach though. See also the notes at the bottom of the [http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/IntegrationWithTrac mod_wsgi's IntegrationWithTrac] wiki page.// … … 420 402 For more troubleshooting tips, see also the [TracModPython#Troubleshooting mod_python troubleshooting] section, as most Apache-related issues are quite similar, plus discussion of potential [http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/ApplicationIssues application issues] when using mod_wsgi. The wsgi page also has a [http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/IntegrationWithTrac Integration With Trac] document. 421 403 422 423 404 ---- 424 See also: 405 See also: TracGuide, TracInstall, [wiki:TracFastCgi FastCGI], [wiki:TracModPython ModPython], [trac:TracNginxRecipe TracNginxRecipe]
